Case Reports and Reviews: Open Access

Paroxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). It is used to treat several diseases, including major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Anaesthesia or surgery may exacerbate the cardiac effects of the drug. Its interaction with anaesthetic drugs may also have an effect on the heart rhythm. In this case report, the mechanism of such an arrhythmia is elucidated upon. We report a case of acquired QT prolongation in a patient receiving paroxetine who underwent lumbar spinal fusion surgery under general anaesthesia. The potential mechanisms, perioperative implications, and management strategies for acquired QT prolongation are discussed.

Albendazole is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic drug generally regarded as safe. Rarely, it may cause acute toxic hepatitis. We report a case of severe hepatotoxicity following albendazole use in a pediatric patient. Other causes of acute hepatitis were excluded, and the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) score was 8, indicating a highly probable drug-induced liver injury.

Introduction: In daily clinical practice, dental practitioners encounter numerous variations of normal anatomy. Two notable developmental variations are torus mandibularis and supernumerary teeth. Torus mandibularis is a benign bony exostosis arising on the lingual surface of the mandible, whereas supernumerary teeth, or hyperdontia, refer to the formation of additional teeth beyond the normal dental complement. Objective: The aim of this case report is to present a rare coexistence of torus mandibularis and supernumerary teeth. Observation: A patient presenting with mandibular tori and multiple supernumerary teeth was evaluated clinically and radiographically using panoramic imaging and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The case highlights the anatomical characteristics, diagnostic considerations, and potential treatment challenges associated with the coexistence of these developmental anomalies. Conclusion: Although torus mandibularis and supernumerary teeth arise from different developmental processes, their coexistence may influence clinical decision-making. Comprehensive assessment and a multidisciplinary approach are important to ensure appropriate management and optimal patient outcomes.

Background: Intragastric balloon (IGB) therapy is a minimally invasive endoscopic intervention for weight reduction in patients with obesity. Although generally safe, rare but clinically significant complications such as acute pancreatitis have been reported. Case Presentation: A 19-year-old male presented with acute epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting three weeks after intragastric balloon insertion. Laboratory investigations demonstrated markedly elevated serum lipase (>3× upper limit of normal) and leukocytosis. Imaging revealed peripancreatic fat stranding consistent with early acute pancreatitis. The intragastric balloon was endoscopically deflated and removed, followed by supportive management, resulting in complete clinical recovery. Conclusion: Acute pancreatitis is an uncommon but important complication of intragastric balloon therapy. Early recognition and prompt management are essential to achieve favorable outcomes.

Background: Chondroid syringoma is a rare adnexal tumor that originates from sweat glands. It typically presents as a slow-growing, painless, firm, and well-circumscribed cutaneous nodule, most commonly located in the head and neck region. Dermoscopy, a non-invasive diagnostic tool, can aid in differentiating between possible diagnoses. Case presentation: In the described case of a 29-year-old man with a 1-cm asymptomatic, firm, pinkish-brown nodule on the upper lip, dermoscopic features included a peripheral erythematous rim, linear whitish streaks, white structureless areas, yellowish crust, and irregular brown blotches. Histopathological examination revealed a biphasic tumor architecture with nests of basaloid epithelial cells and myoepithelial strands embedded in a chondromyxoid stroma, confirming the diagnosis of chondroid syringoma. Conclusion: This case highlights the supportive role of dermoscopy in suggesting the diagnosis of chondroid syringoma and in excluding major differential diagnoses, particularly nodular basal cell carcinoma, although histopathological examination remains mandatory for definitive diagnosis.

Background: DNA methylation–based epigenetic clocks are increasingly used to estimate biological age and to track aging-related physiology in both chronic disease management and longevity-focused care. These assessment tools are heterogeneous: some models prioritize chronological-age prediction, whereas others emphasize morbidity/mortality risk, methylation variability (“biological noise”), organ-system aging patterns, or pace-of-aging metrics. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammation has been associated with epigenetic age acceleration, including findings reported using second-generation clocks such as GrimAge and GrimAge2. Multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (MUSE) cells are endogenous, non-tumorigenic reparative stem cells with reported damage-site homing and immunomodulatory effects; contemporary reviews and clinical-trial experience describe intravenous administration of donor MUSE cells without human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching or immunosuppression in select indications. Objective: To describe the clinical outcomes and epigenetic aging findings observed following MUSE cell and exosome therapy in two patients undergoing regenerative and longevity-focused treatment. Case presentation: We present two patients who underwent MUSE cell and exosome therapy. The first patient was a 45-year-old male with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic multisite inflammatory musculoskeletal pain. The second patient was a 52-year-old female pursuing longevity-focused care after demonstrating elevated biological age estimates and unfavorable pace-of-aging metrics. Conclusion: In this two-patient case series, following MUSE cell and exosome therapy, favorable patient-reported and epigenetic aging outcomes were reported. These outcomes included improved mobility, reduced inflammatory symptoms, decreased analgesic use, and improvements in biological aging metrics such as OrganSystemAge, OmniAge, and pace-of-aging outputs. These findings support further investigation into the relationship between regenerative therapies and biological aging metrics.