Journal of Biology and Medicine: Open Access
Hyponatremia in Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Nasser Mikhail, and Soma Wali
Abstract
Background: The clinical significance of hyponatremia in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unclear. Objective: To clarify the frequency, mechanisms, and clinical implications of hyponatremia in patients admitted to the hospital with COVID-19. Methods: PUBMED search until January 15, 2021. Search terms include COVID-19, hyponatremia, interleukin-6, anti-diuretic hormone, severity, mortality, retrospective, prospective studies, and meta-analyses are included. Results: Several large retrospective studies and one prospective investigation indicate that prevalence of hyponatremia in patients with COVID-19 ranges from 9.9% to 35.8%. In most studies, hyponatremia represents the most common electrolyte abnormality in patients admitted with COVID-19 and is mostly mild in severity biochemically. Hyponatremia is associated with severe picture of COVID-19 as reflected by increased need for intensive care and mechanical ventilation. Hyponatremia on hospital admission is an independent factor implicated in increased mortality of patients with COVID-19. Mechanisms of hyponatremia in COVID-19 may include inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone activity, increased interleukin-6 (IL-6), and less frequently concomitant adrenal insufficiency. Conclusions: Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality in patients with COVID-19 that is linked to poor prognosis. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether hyponatremia plays a causative role in worsening outcomes of COVID-19 or it is a marker of bad prognosis.
Keywords: Hyponatremia; COVID-19; Prognosis; mortality, Anti-diuretic hormone, Interleukin-6.
Journal Information
- Journal Name: Journal of Biology and Medicine: Open Access
- Journal Abbreviation: J Bio Med Open Access
- Journal Code: JBMOA
- Format of Publication: Online
- Frequency of Publication: Two Issue a Year
- Language: English
- Starting Year: 2020
- Subject: Biology, Medicine, Medical Sciences
- Review Process: Single-Blind Peer-Review by Referees
- Time to 1st Decision: 1 to 4 weeks from date of submission
- Time to Acceptance: 3 to 6 weeks, depending upon the required revision cycles
- Time to Publication: 1 to 2 weeks from date of final submission
- Editor-in-Chief: CHEE KONG YAP
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